COISA JULGADA INCONSTITUCIONAL NOS JUIZADOS ESPECIAIS: A VEDAÇÃO LEGAL DA AÇÃO RESCISÓRIA E O USO DA AÇÃO DE DESCUMPRIMENTO DE PRECEITO FUNDAMENTAL COMO SUCEDÂNEO PERMITIDO NA ADPF 615 / UNCONSTITUCIONAL RES JUDICATA AT SPECIAL CIVIL COURTS: LAW PROHIBITION OF TERMINATION ACTION AND REQUEST FOR NON-COMPLIANCE OF FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE AS ALLOWED AT ADPF 615
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rfd.2023.63347Keywords:
Coisa julgada inconstitucional. Juizados Especiais. Ação Rescisória. Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental.Abstract
Resumo: O estudo analisa a possibilidade ou não da desconstituição da coisa julgada inconstitucional quando formada nos Juizados Especiais, considerando a decisão cautelar proferida pelo Ministro Luís Roberto Barroso, do Supremo Tribunal Federal, na Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF) nº 615. Questiona-se se a existência da coisa julgada, ainda que inconstitucional superveniente, nos Juizados Especiais, cuja previsão legal específica veda o uso da ação rescisória, permite o cabimento da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental. O tema visa, através do método dedutivo, analisar a expressão “coisa julgada inconstitucional” e as formas de desconstituição da coisa julgada permitidas no ordenamento jurídico processual civil brasileiro, bem como, a partir desta premissa geral, verificar o posicionamento do Ministro Roberto Barroso na ADPF 615, sob o ponto de vista processual, partindo para uma análise de eventual identificação de ativismo judicial. Utilizou-se também o método histórico para compreender a formação da referida expressão, e o método monográfico ou de estudo de caso ao analisar a decisão judicial. A coisa julgada inconstitucional, tida como formada por uma decisão contrária à Constituição, é uma das modalidades de relativização desse instituto processual. Dentre as formas de desfazimento da coisa julgada o CPC admite a ação rescisória nessas situações. Contudo, em se tratando de Juizados Especiais, a lei veda o cabimento da ação rescisória. Considerando esse contexto e as decisões proferidas contrárias ao Distrito Federal para pagamento de uma gratificação aos professores da rede pública de ensino, o Governador impetrou ADPF, que tramita sob o nº 615 no Supremo Tribunal Federal, para afastar a coisa julgada constituída antes de um entendimento desfavorável a ela ter se firmado em Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade no Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal.
Palavras-chave: Coisa julgada inconstitucional. Juizados Especiais. Ação Rescisória. Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental.
Abstract: The scope of this article is the analysis of res judicata being or not abolished from unconstitutional res judicata done at the Special Civil Court, considering protective order pronounced by Supreme Court Judge Luís Roberto Barros at the request for non-compliance of fundamental principle (ADPF) number 615. The problem to be resolved is whether res judicata, conceived at Special Civil Court, should exist even before an unconstitutional verification which termination action is prohibited by law, allowing ADPF instead, as decided by the Supreme Court. The focus is to analyze, through the deductive method, “unconstitutional res judicata” expression and techniques of invalidate it in the Brazilian Civil Procedural Law (CPC), as well to verify Supreme Court Judge Luís Roberto Barroso statement at ADPF 615, by the processual perspective, examining the possibility of judicial activism. The historical analysis method was used to comprehend how the expression was established, and the monographic method or case of study assisted to analyze the judicial decision. The unconstitutional res judicata, defined as a decision against the Constitution, is one of the ways legal doctrines considered as relativization of this procedural institute, recognized as a major lust. As a common form of undoing res judicata is querela nullitatis, which hypothesis are restricted; sentence fulfillment impugnation, as foreseen at CPCP in cases of unconstitutional res judicata composed after a Constitutional review; and termination action, which is the main practice of res judicata unconstitutional. Therefore, about unconstitutional res judicata, CPC allows termination action in those situations. However, Special Civil Court, article 59 from law 9,099, from 1995, severely outlaws’ termination action. Bearing this information in mind and decision against Federal District Government to pay a benefit to teachers of public education, the Governor started an ADPF at Federal Supreme Court which was processed by number 615, to set aside a res judicata born before a judge unfavorable in a constitutional review at Federal District Court of Law. The analysis discusses the judicial activism.
Keywords: Unconstitutional res judicata. Special Civil Courts. Termination action. Request for non-compliance of fundamental principle.
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