A UTILIZAÇÃO DO EXAME DE DNA PARA FINS DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO CRIMINAL NOS CRIMES CONTRA A DIGNIDADE SEXUAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/redp.2024.86605Abstract
This work has been done seeking to analyze the impact and efficiency of the use of the DNA test in Brazil and compare a possible relation between the increase in the performance of DNA tests based on genetic profiles registered in the national database and the increase in the resolution of cases involving sexual crimes. This theme is relevant due to the article 9-A of Law No 7.210/1984, added by Law No. 12.654/2012 and modified by Law No. 13.964/2019, which currently determines the compulsory submission of individuals convicted, among various crimes, for a crime against sexual freedom or for a sexual crime against vulnerable, to the identification of the genetic profile through the extraction of DNA. From then on, it is discussed, both in doctrine and in jurisprudence, especially with the recognition of the general repercussion of the subject by the Federal Supreme Court in Extraordinary Appeal No 973.837, the possible unconstitutionality of the referred article, in contrast to several principles guaranteed not only by the Brazilian Constitution, but also by international treaties ratified by Brazil, in particular the principles of presumption of innocence and nemo tenetur se detegere. A comparative study was also conducted between the rules of databases in countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Portugal, presenting, in general, convergent and divergent perspectives with the provisions brought by Brazilian legislation. The conclusion is that there is no guarantee of the efficiency of criminal identification obtained through genetic profile databases in cases of sex crimes, mainly because, as a result of the research, based on the analysis of comparative law and the research data collected in the article, that there is no effective validation regarding the positive impacts of using the database to reduce crime in countries where criminal identification, achieved through the use of databases, is a reality in forensic investigation.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Ellen Cristina Carmo Rodrigues Brandão, Victória Fortunato Ferreira
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