¿Qué es una constitución? What is a constitution?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rqi.2018.31912Abstract
DOI: 10.12957/rqi.2018.31912
El ensayo busca llamar la atención y definir el carácter político original del concepto constitución, no obstante que las disciplinas filosófica, jurídica e inclusive sociológica lo reivindiquen para sí, a través de autores como Kant, Hegel, Comte, Kelsen o Duverger. Se produce así la dicotomía entre las constituciones reales y las que Sieyès llama de ‘papel’, la cual surge casi 500 años después en la historia política de los pueblos con el surgimiento de las repúblicas, de las que la francesa de 1789 es insignia en el mundo moderno, contra monarquías y aristocracias en decadencia. Su destino actual resulta de la adopción y adaptación de tales documentos libres e de igualdad por el nouveau régime, las oligarquías de la riqueza que destruyen a las repúblicas, el cual es paradójicamente anticonstitucional, toda vez que encarna la pasión amorosa por la ganancia económica sin límites para los pocos desiguales, hoy universalizada con la ayuda devastadora de su compañera y cómplice, la pasión amorosa democrática y radical por la libertad, cuyo epítome consiste en decir y hacer la fantasía libertina que más venga en gana a cada quien. Esta es la encrucijada que ofrece hoy el maridaje de las supremacías partidarias de los acaudalados y los menesterosos, de la desigualdad del lujo de unos cuantos individuos y países demasiado ricos, y de la igualdad aritmética de muchos individuos y países demasiado pobres.
Palabras clave: Comunidad Política; Estado; Constitución; Autoridad; Gobierno
Abstract
The essay aims to draw attention and define the original political character of the concept constitution, notwithstanding that philosophical, legal and even sociological disciplines claim it for themselves, through authors such as Kant, Hegel, Comte, Kelsen or Duverger. Thus the dichotomy between the real and paper constitutions –as Sièyes calls them later– arise almost 500 years after in the political history of nations, with the republics of which the French of 1789 is a symbol for the modern world, against the decay of kingdoms and aristocracies. Their current destiny results from the adoption and adaptation of such documents, made by the free and equals, by the nouveau régime, the oligarchies of wealth that destroy them, which is paradoxically anti-constitutional, since it embody the passion for unlimited economic gain for the unequal few, now universalized with the devastating assistance of her companion and accomplice, the democratic and radical passion for freedom, also licentiousness, whose epitome consists to say and do whatever fantasy they dream. This is the crossroads offered by the pairing of party supremacies of the wealthy and the needy, of the inequality of the luxury of a few individuals and countries that are too rich, and of the arithmetic equality of many individuals and countries that are too poor.
Keywords: Political Community; State; Constitution; Authority; Government
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