O Jus post bellum (justiça após a guerra) nas Relações Internacionais Contemporâneas: Entre a Teoria e a Narrativa
Keywords:
Jus Post Bellum, Intervencionismo Liberal, Perspectivas críticaAbstract
Tradicionalmente, a Teoria da Guerra Justa (TGJ) é concebida por dois conceitos fundamentais sobre conflitos: razões justas para iniciá-lo (jus ad bellum); e formas justas para lutá-lo (jus in bello). Recentemente outro conceito emergiu, sobre as formas justas para se terminar um conflito e a transição para um contexto de paz (jus post bellum - JPB), que analisaremos. Neste artigo pretendemos: a) apresentar os princípios normativos do JPB; b) demonstrar sua aplicabilidade nos cenários pós-conflitos, conforme a literatura liberal humanitária; c) criticar algumas premissas apresentadas por seus teóricos. Desde 1990, intensifica-se uma agenda humanitária de operações de paz e ajuda a Estados não-liberais, sobretudo via ONU. Assim, diversos pesquisadores buscam compreender os limites morais dos atores internacionais no pós-conflito. Então, perguntamos: o JPB surge para auxiliar uma agenda de responsabilidade dos Estados “vencedores” sob os “derrotados”, ou seria funcional corroborando a uma agenda intervencionista das potências internacionais, supostamente benéfica?References
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