A Estratégia da Turquia Frente ao Estado Islâmico: Entre a Percepção Governamental de Ameaça e a Relação com a OTAN
Keywords:
Turquia, Estado Islâmico, Curdos, OTAN, SíriaAbstract
A Turquia é um país que tem despontado como importante ator regional, sobretudo diante da guerra da Síria e da ascensão do Estado Islâmico (EI). Este grupo tornou-se o principal alvo do governo dos Estados Unidos, que, em 2014, montou uma coalizão para combate-lo – e a Turquia, membro da OTAN, entretanto, recusou-se a participar. Diante desses fatos, esse artigo busca investigar qual foi a estratégia turca frente ao EI, e seus impactos para a região e para a relação do país com a OTAN. Argumenta-se que, devido aos problemas internos com os curdos, a ameaça imediata percebida pelo governo turco não era proveniente do EI, mas sim das unidades curdas autônomas da Síria (PYD/YPG). A ambiguidade turca gerou tensionamento com o Ocidente, com a Turquia apenas declarando guerra ao EI quando também reiniciou o conflito armado com o PKK (Partido dos Trabalhadores do Curdistão), em julho de 2015.
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