Percepción y distorsiones de la colonización española en ciudadanos de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rqi.2022.67127Resumo
Resumen
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar las percepciones frente al descubrimiento americano de residentes en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador, mediante su participación en grupos focales. En total, se conformaron cuatro grupos focales con 22 participantes en edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 30 años. Los datos descriptivos fueron analizados mediante el programa Atlas.ti y se generaron codificaciones inductivas. Los hallazgos reflejaron una construcción teórica que alude a los conceptos de colonización, colonialismo y colonialidad que pueden encontrarse en cierta literatura. El descubrimiento español se interpretó como un proceso de conquista, apropiación territorial y dominación de las culturas preexistentes (colonialismo). Con respecto a las características y consecuencias de la colonización española se narraron diversos aspectos interiorizados por medio de la declarada Educación. Estos aspectos dieron paso a una valoración predominantemente negativa sin conocer el hecho histórico (a lo largo del texto se contrastan las opiniones con datos). No obstante, también estuvo presente una connotación positiva de desarrollo. Finalmente, los participantes evidenciaron la creencia de la presencia actual de prácticas de dominación y explotación en las relaciones interpersonales (colonialidad). Paradójicamente, concluyeron con la necesidad de revisión de la conciencia histórica y emprender cambios a nivel personal y estructural (Educación), a través de la (re)construcción de una supuesta identidad histórica perdida.
Palabras clave: Hispanoamérica, percepción, colonización, colonialismo, colonialidad
Abstract
This study explores the perceptions of citizens of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, regarding the discovery of America, through their participation in focus groups. Four focus groups were formed with 22 participants each and with ages between 18 and 30 years old. Descriptive data were analyzed using the Atlas.ti software by using inductive coding techniques. The findings reflect a theoretical construction that spins around the concepts of colonization, colonialism and coloniality. Spanish discovery was interpreted as a process of conquest, territorial appropriation, and domination and imposition regarding the pre-existing cultures (colonization). With regards to the characteristics and consequences of the Spanish colonization, different aspects were related to their internalization in culture and participants admitted this has been mainly learned through Education. These aspects were evaluated as negative with no base on historical events (the opinions and facts are contrasted along the text). However, a positive connotation of development was also present. Finally, the participants highlighted the supposed, current presence of practices of domination and exploitation (coloniality). Paradoxically, participants emphasized the need to review History and take changes at a personal and structural level (Education), focusing on the (re)construction of an allegedly lost, historical identity.
Keywords: Hispanic-America, perception, colonization, colonialism, coloniality
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