Acceptance and purchase intention of chia-enriched vegan brownies (Salvia hispanica L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/demetra.2025.84868Keywords:
Sensory analysis. Salvia hispanica. Confectionery foods.Abstract
Introduction: Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) and its by-products have technological properties and health benefits. Objective: To develop and evaluate the sensory acceptance and microbiological quality of vegan brownies with added chia (Salvia hispanica L.). Method: This experimental study developed two types of vegan brownies. In both, chia seed mucilage replaced eggs, and in one formulation, wheat flour was also partially replaced with 8% (BS8%) defatted chia flour. The samples underwent acceptance testing, with the assessment of acceptance rates and purchase intention for each formulation. Microbiological analyses were conducted before sensory evaluation. Results: Microbiological analyses confirmed that the samples were safe for consumption. Among the 100 participants, 75% identified as omnivores and 25% as vegetarians, with 55% being female. Both BS8% and BCV brownies showed good acceptance (>76%) across different groups. BS8% had higher acceptance for flavor, color, aroma, and overall impression (p<0.05), compared to BCV. Purchase intention was higher (p>0.05) for BS8% when a vegan label and ingredient list were present. Conclusion: The use of defatted chia flour in vegan brownies is feasible and has sustainability appeal due to the use of a by-product. The presence of a label and ingredient list on the packaging plays a crucial role in consumer acceptance, supporting greater commercialization.
Downloads
References
1. Hrnčič MK, Ivanovski M, Cör D, Knez Ž. Chia Seeds (Salvia Hispanica L.): An overview-phytochemical profile, isolation methods, and application. Molecules. 2020;25(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.1814
2. Oliveira-Alves SC, Vendramini-Costa DB, Betim Cazarin CB, Maróstica Júnior MR, Borges Ferreira JP, Silva AB, et al. Characterization of phenolic compounds in chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds, fiber flour and oil. Food Chem [Internet]. 1o de outubro de 2017 [citado 10 de setembro de 2019];232(1):295-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.002
3. Fernández-López J, Lucas-González R, Viuda-Martos M, Sayas-Barberá E, Pérez-Alvarez JA. Chia Oil Extraction Coproduct as a Potential New Ingredient for the Food Industry: Chemical, Physicochemical, Techno-Functional and Antioxidant Properties. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 2018;73(2):130-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-018-0670-5
4. Ciftci ON, Przybylski R, Rudzińska M. Lipid components of flax, perilla, and chia seeds. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 1o de julho de 2012 [citado 4 de fevereiro de 2025];114(7):794-800. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201100207
5. Capitani MI, Nolasco SM, Tomás MC. Stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) mucilage. Food Hydrocoll. Dec 1, 2016;61:537-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.06.008
6. Coelho MS, Salas-Mellado M de las M. Review: Chemical composition, functional properties and technological applications of chia (Salvia hispanica L) seeds in foods. Brazilian Journal of Food Technology. 2014;17(4):259-68. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.1814
7. Melo Bruna Guedes de, Fernandes Sibele Santos, Razo Alejandra Dominguez. Chia seeds as functional ingredient of healthy muffins. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-022-01503-1
8. Ferreira DM, Nunes MA, Santo LE, Machado S, Costa ASG, Álvarez-Ortí M, et al. Characterization of Chia Seeds, Cold-Pressed Oil, and Defatted Cake: An Ancient Grain for Modern Food Production. Molecules. 1o de janeiro de 2023;28(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020723
9. Mesías M, Holgado F, Márquez-Ruiz G, Morales FJ. Risk/benefit considerations of a new formulation of wheat-based biscuit supplemented with different amounts of chia flour. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 1o de novembro de 2016;73:528-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.06.056
10. Verdú S, Vásquez F, Ivorra E, Sánchez AJ, Barat JM, Grau R. Physicochemical effects of chia (Salvia hispanica) seed flour on each wheat bread-making process phase and product storage. J Cereal Sci [Internet]. 2015;65:67-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2015.05.011
11. Mas Agustín Lucini, Brigante Federico Iván, Salvucci Emiliano, et al. Defatted chia flour as functional ingredient in sweet cookies. How do Processing, simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation affect its antioxidant properties? Food Chem. 30 de junho de 2020;316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126279
12. Moreira MR, Sanches VL, Strieder MM, Rostagno MA, Capitani CD. Vegan brownie enriched with phenolic compounds obtained from a chia (Salvia hipanica L.) coproduct: Nutritional, technological, and functional characteristics and sensory acceptance. Int J Gastron Food Sci. 1o de dezembro de 2023;34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2023.100835
13. Segura-Campos MR, Salazar-Vega IM, Chel-Guerrero LA, Betancur-Ancona DA. Biological potential of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) protein hydrolysates and their incorporation into functional foods. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 1o de março de 2013;50(2):723-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2012.07.017
14. Ribes S, Peña N, Fuentes A, Talens P, Barat JM. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed mucilage as a fat replacer in yogurts: Effect on their nutritional, technological, and sensory properties. J Dairy Sci. 1o de março de 2021;104(3):2822-33. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-19240
15. Kim SY, Hyeonbin O, Lee P, Kim YS. The quality characteristics, antioxidant activity, and sensory evaluation of reduced-fat yogurt and nonfat yogurt supplemented with basil seed gum as a fat substitute. J Dairy Sci [Internet]. 1o de fevereiro de 2020 [citado 4 de fevereiro de 2025];103(2):1324-36. http://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17117
16. Darwish AMG, Khalifa RE, El Sohaimy SA. Functional Properties of Chia Seed Mucilage Supplemented In Low Fat Yoghurt. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal [Internet]. 30 de setembro de 2018 [citado 11 de setembro de 2019];39(3):450-9. https://doi.org/10.21608/asejaiqjsae.2018.13882
17. Gutiérrez-Luna K, Ansorena D, Astiasarán I. Flax and hempseed oil functional ingredient stabilized by inulin and chia mucilage as a butter replacer in muffin formulations. J Food Sci [Internet]. 1o de outubro de 2020 [citado 4 de fevereiro de 2025];85(10):3072-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15407
18. Capitani MI, Spotorno V, Nolasco SM, Tomás MC. Physicochemical and functional characterization of by-products from chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds of Argentina. LWT - Food Science and Technology. janeiro de 2012;45(1):94-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2011.07.012
19. Martínez E, García-Martínez R, Álvarez-Ortí M, Rabadán A, Pardo-Giménez A, Pardo JE. Elaboration of gluten-free cookies with defatted seed flours: Effects on technological, nutritional, and consumer aspects. Foods. 2021;10(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061213
20. Fernández-López J, Lucas-González R, Viuda-Martos M, Sayas-Barberá E, Navarro C, Haros CM, et al. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) products as ingredients for reformulating frankfurters: Effects on quality properties and shelf-life. Meat Science. 2019;156(February):139-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.05.028
21. Pintado T, Ruiz-Capillas C, Jiménez-Colmenero F, Herrero AM. Impact of Culinary Procedures on Nutritional and Technological Properties of Reduced-Fat Longanizas Formulated with Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) or Oat (Avena sativa L.) Emulsion Gel. Foods. 1o de dezembro de 2020;9(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9121847
22. Tendências Globais de Consumo [Internet]. Euromonitor International | Strategic Market Research, Data & Analysis; 05 Dez. 2020 [Acesso 2 Mar 2023]. Disponível em: https://www.euromonitor.com
23. IBOPE: Pesquisa de Opinião Pública sobre Vegetarianismo [Internet]. Instituto Brasileiro de Opinião Pública e Estatística; [Acesso 29 Jun 2023]. Disponível em: https://www.svb.org.br/images/Documentos/JOB_0416_VEGETARIANISMO.pdf
24. Stremmel G, Elshiewy O, Boztug Y, Carneiro-Otto F. Vegan labeling for what is already vegan: Product perceptions and consumption intentions. Appetite. 1o de agosto de 2022;175:106048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2022.106048
25. Sociedade Vegetariana Brasileira [Internet]. 12 Mar 2013 [Acesso 20 Mar 2020]. Disponível em: https://svb.org.br/selovegano/.
26. Brasil. Legislação de propaganda. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Diário Oficial da União, 21 set. 2020. [Acesso 29 Mai 2023]. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt-br/assuntos/fiscalizacao-e-monitoramento/propaganda/legislacao/legislacao#:~:text=Resolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20%2D%20RDC%20n%C2%BA%2018%2 (Citado em 14 Out. 2020).
27. Brasil. Lei n°. 8078, de 11 de setembro de 1990. Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Diário Oficial da União 12 set 1990; 128 (176 supl):1.
28. Associação Brasileira de Veganismo. Associação Brasileira de Veganismo [Internet]. 20 Jul 2017 [Acesso 20 Mar 2023]. Disponível em: https://veganismo.org.br/
29. Brasil M da S. Instrução normativa n° 60, de 23 de dezembro de 2019 [Internet]. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária [ANVISA]. 2019. p. 16. [Acesso 20 Mar 2023]. Disponível em: https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/instrucao-normativa-n-60-de-23-de-dezembro-de-2019-235332356.
30. Silva BP da Anunciação PC, Matyelka JC da S, Della Lucia CM, Martino HSD, Pinheiro-Sant’Ana HM. Chemical composition of Brazilian chia seeds grown in different places. Food Chem. 2017; 221:1709-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.115
31. Brasil. Instrução Normativa n. 161, de 1 de jul. 2022. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - ANVISA. Diário Oficial da União, 6 jul. 2022.
32. Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT). Métodos de análise sensorial dos alimentos e bebidas – Classificação - ABNT NBR 12994, 1993.
33. Zanetta LDA, Umebara MTC, Costa JP, Takeda DK, Da Cunha DT. Hedonic, emotional and willingness-to-pay response to beers of a different type in Brazil. British Food Journal. 4 de janeiro de 2021;123(1):8-107. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2020-0137
34. Dutcosky Silvia Deboni. Análise sensorial de alimentos. 5th ed. Curitiba: PUCPRESS; 2019. 540 p. ISBN: 978-8554945473.
35. Justo Mayela Bautista, Alfaro Alejandra Denisse Castro, Aguilar Ernesto Camarena, Wrobel Katarzyna, Wrobel Kazimierz, Guzmán Guadalupe Alanís, et al. Desarrollo de pan integral con soya, chía, linaza y ácido fólico como alimento funcional para la mujer. Vol. 57, Organo Oficial de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición. 2007.
36. Borneo R, Aguirre A, León AE. Chia (Salvia hispanica L) Gel Can Be Used as Egg or Oil Replacer in Cake Formulations. J Am Diet Assoc [Internet]. 1o de junho de 2010 [citado 11 de setembro de 2019];110(6):946-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.011
37. Puig EI, Haros Claudia Monika. La chia na Europa: O novo ingrediente em produtos de panaderia. Alimentaria. 2011 Jan 15;(420):73-77.
38. Sayed-Ahmad B, Talou T, Straumite E, Sabovics M, Kruma Z, Saad Z, et al. Evaluation of nutritional and technological attributes of whole wheat-based bread fortified with chia flour. Foods. 1o de setembro de 2018;7(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7090135
39. Lucini Mas A, Brigante FI, Salvucci E, Pigni NB, Martinez ML, Ribotta P, et al. Defatted chia flour as functional ingredient in sweet cookies. How do Processing, simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation affect its antioxidant properties? Food Chem. 30 de junho de 2020;316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126279
40. Hargreaves SM, Zandonadi RP. Flaxseed and Chia Seed Gel on Characteristics of Gluten-Free Cake. Journal of Culinary Science and Technology. 2018;16(4):378-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/15428052.2017.1394951.
41. Bialkova S, Sasse L, Fenko A. The role of nutrition labels and advertising claims in altering consumers’ evaluation and choice. Appetite. 1o de janeiro de 2016;96:38-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.08.030
42. Chaya C, Pacoud J, Ng M, Fenton A, Hort J. Measuring the Emotional Response to Beer and the Relative Impact of Sensory and Packaging Cues. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists [Internet]. 2015 [citado 4 de fevereiro de 2025];73(1):49-60. https://doi.org/10.1094/ASBCJ-2015-0114-01.
43. Ruddock HK, Field M, Jones A, Hardman CA. State and trait influences on attentional bias to food-cues: The role of hunger, expectancy, and self-perceived food addiction. Appetite. 1o de dezembro de 2018;131:139-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.08.038.
44. NIQ [In ternet]; 13 dez 2017. The F word: Flexitarian is not a curse to the meat industry; [Acesso 15 Mai 2024]. Disponível em: https://nielseniq.com/global/en/insights/analysis/2019/the-f-word-flexitarian-is-not-a-curse-to-the-meat-industry/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Caroline Dario Capitani, Giovana Corrêa Altemari, Mariele Rodrigues Moreira, Maurício Ariel Rostagno

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP RESPONSIBILITY
Title of the manuscript:
________________________________________________________
1. Statement of responsability
I certify that I have participated in the work above specified and take public responsibility for its content.
I certify that the manuscript represents an original work and that none of the material in the manuscript has been previously published, is included in another manuscript, or is currently under consideration for publication elsewhere, whether in printed form or in electronic media, except that described in the attachment.
In case of acceptance of this text by Demetra: Alimentação, Nutrição & Saude, I declare to be in accordance with the policy of public access and copyright adopted by Demetra, which provides as follows: (a) the authors retain the copyright and grant to the Journal the right of first publication, the work being simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows the sharing of the work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal; (b) authors are authorized to enter additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal; and (c) authors are permitted and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this may lead to productive changes, as well as increase the impact and citation of the published work.
2. Conflict of Interest Statement
I certify that there is no conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.
Date, signature and full address of all authors.