Caracterización de territorios urbanos informales utilizando Análisis de Componente Principales

Abstract

The slums are characteristic of Latin American cities. In Argentina, “land occupations” are recognized as the most recurrent type of urban informal settlement in recent years. The objective of this work is to characterize the environments of these informal territories, particularly those located close to state urbanizations, in order to recognize territorial construction processes. Quantitative methodologies are used, which include: analysis of transformations of the built environment; territorial variables based on GIS and satellite images, both for the occupations and their surroundings. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is conducted to collapse a large group of previously identified variables, as well as to assess the impact of each group of variables on the determination of each territorial cluster. The methodology used is considered innovative for territorial studies and enables the utilization of large volumes of data from different sources of information. The results demonstrate that both state urbanizations and land occupations are situated in urban spaces of lower social and urban quality, although it is possible to recognize location preferences suggesting the pursuit of a structure of differential opportunities for life development in these territories.