El proceso de Reorganización Concursal de Estados Unidos (Chapter Eleven del United States Code). Comparacion con los procedimientos extrajudiciales de Reorganización / The process of u.s. bankruptcy reorganization. (chapter eleven of the U. S. Code)...
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rqi.2016.21334Resumo
Trabalho enviado em 03 de fevereiro de 201 6. Aceito em 03 de fevereiro de 2016
DOI: 10.12957/rqi.2016.21334
Resumo
El presente trabajo estudia una parte del sistema concursal de los Estados Unidos que abarca las soluciones preventivas de la quiebra en ese país, que pretende preservar y virtualmente salvar a la empresa de su desaparición económica y jurídica y es conocido por el nombre de su respectivo capítulo, el Chapter Eleven o Capítulo Once del Title Eleven del United States Bankruptcy Code, una norma concursal federal que engloba numerosas materias en sus distintos capítulos. El Chapter Eleven tiene por objeto establecer un proceso concursal de “reorganización” de la empresa en crisis o en estado de cesación de pagos (“Reorganization Procedure”) a fin de sanearla económica o financieramente, solucionar el problema económico o financiero, facilitar su continuación empresarial y así librarla de su liquidación judicial forzosa, solución última reglada en el Chapter Seven de ese Código Concursal federal. Este trabajo constituye una comparación entre el Chapter Eleven y los procesos extrajudiciales de reorganización empresarial y reestructuración de deuda en los Estados Unidos. Al respecto este trabajo aborda los temas relativos a la elección alternativa de ambos procedimientos, sus ventajas e inconvenientes, los distintos procedimientos extrajudiciales estatales no federales del país de reestructuración de deuda, el management de la empresa en crisis, la negociación con los principales prestamistas con preferencias, la negociación con los pequeños acreedores y la utilización de especiales técnicas de financiación postconcursal. En la parte conclusiva se realiza una valoración crítica de estas instituciones.
Palabras clave: derecho concursal – reorganización empresarial – capítulo once del Código de Bancarrotas de Estados Unidos – procedimientos extrajudiciales – procedimientos preventivos de la quiebra
Abstract
This paper examines a part of the Bankruptcy law of the United States which deals with preventive solutions from liquidation in that country, which aims to preserve and virtually save the company in its economic and legal entity and is known by the name of its respective chapter, the Chapter Eleven of the Title Eleven of the United States Bankruptcy Code, a federal bankruptcy rule that includes many institutions in its various chapters. The Chapter Eleven establishes an insolvency process of "Reorganization" of the company in crisis (“Reorganization Procedure") in order to solve the economic or financial distress and keep the business alive and so prevent it from its compulsory liquidation, formal ultimate solution regulated in Chapter Seven of the federal Bankruptcy Code. This paper is a comparison between of Chapter Eleven and Out-of-Court processes of business reorganization and restructuring of debt in the United States. This work addresses the alternative choice of one of both procedures, their advantages and disadvantages, the different local (nonfederal) procedures of debt restructuring, the management of the company in crisis, the negotiations with major lenders, the negotiation with small creditors and the use of special financial techniques of the debtor. In the final part of the paper the author makes a critical evaluation of the analized institutions.
Keywords: Bankruptcy Law – United States – Reorganization procedure – Chapter Eleven – Out of court restructurings.
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