Silent Hero and Osagyefo George Padmore, Kwame Nkrumah and the Gold Coast Revolution
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/intellectus.2020.49413Keywords:
Pan Africanism, George Padmore, Kwame NkrumahAbstract
Kwame Nkrumah, known as one of the main pan-African leaders, led the Gold Coast until independence in 1957. Ghana then becomes the first independent country in sub-Saharan Africa and, Nkrumah, becomes Osagyefo. The participation of George Padmore, a caribbean intellectual, in this process is essential. However little known. Appointed as the “silent hero” of african independence, he pursued transnational anti-imperialist articulations that would lead to the African Revolution and the formation of an African socialist bloc of states. This article highlights the relationship between George Padmore’s thought and Kwame Nkrumah actions in the face of the anti-colonial process. But also reflects on the friction and noise between his Pan-African conceptions and projects, contributing to the analysis of the political languages of Pan-Africanism and its political vocabulary.
References
Fontes
DRAKE, St. Clair. (1974) Papers, Caixa 23, Pasta 33, manuscrito, Pan-Africanism: Myth or Reality? (New York Public Library, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture)
JAMES, C.L.R. (1982). Carta de James para anônimo, James Collection, pasta 243 (University of West Indies, St. Augustine) 31 de outubro.
JAMES, C.L.R. (1959). Notes on the Life of Padmore. Microfilme (University of London, Institute of Commonwealth Studies), p. 42.
NAG: SC21/12/38. Discurso de Kwame Nkrumah proferido por ele na Lincoln University, 5 de junho, 1951.
NKRUMAH, Kwame. Caderno de notas de Kwame Nkrumah sobre a Costa do Ouro, NAG: SC21/10/1A.
NKRUMAH, Kwame.Copy of The Circle document, PRO: CO964/24, Exhibit 35, (Moorland Spingarn Archives, Howard University).
NKRUMAH, Kwame. Gold Coast Commission of Enquiry Verbatim Reports of Proceedings Fifth to Seventh Hearings, PRO: C0964/27. Coleção Kwame Nkrumah. (Moorland Spingarn Archives, Howard University)
NKRUMAH, Kwame.Gold Coast Commission of Enquiry Verbatim Reports of Proceedings Fifth to Seventh Hearings, Public Record Office: C0964/27. (Moorland Spingarn Archives, Howard University).
PADMORE, George (1957). Carta para Richard Wright. Richard Wright Collection, Wright MSS/103/1521 (Yale University Archives). 22 de abril.
PADMORE, George (1955) Carta para Richard Wright. Right Wright Collection MSS/103/1522 (Yale University Archives). 19 de outubro.
PADMORE, George (1952a). „Gold Coast Celebrates Independence Day.‟ West African Post, 17 de Janeiro.
PADMORE, George (1954). Carta de George Padmore para Kwame Nkrumah, Nkrumah MSS/Howard, box 154-41, pasta 14. (Moorland Spingarn Archives, Howard University). 10 maio.
PADMORE, George (1952b). „Dr. Kwame Nkrumah – First African Prime Minister,‟ West African Post, 11 de Junho.
PADMORE, George (1951). „Nkrumah Throws the Challenge,‟ West African Post, 19 de Outubro. PIZER, Dorothy. (1957) Carta de Dorothy Padmore para Ellen Wright. Richard Wright
Collection, MSS/103/1521 (Yale University Archives). 9 de abril.
Resposta do secretário Lennox Boyd para Fenner Brockway, House of Comons, publicada no The Times, 11 de julho de 1958, p. 11.
Referências bibliográficas
ADI, Hakin (1998). West Africans in Britais, 1900-1960: Nationalism, Pan-Africanism and Communism. Londres: Lawrence and Wishart.
APPIAH, Joseph (1990). Joe Appiah: the Autobiography of an African Patriot. Nova Iorque: Praeger.
AUSTIN, Dennis (1964). Politics in Ghana, 1946-1960. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
BINEY, Ama (2011). The Political and Social Thought of Kwame Nkrumah. Londres: Palgrave Mcmillan.
DAVIDSON, Basil (1973). Black Star. A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah. Oxford.
DRAKE, St. Clair e SHEPPERSON, George (1986-7). The Fifth Pan-African Conference, 1945 and the All Africans People’s Congress, 1958. Contributions in Black Studies, No 8.
FOLSON, B.D.G. (1971). “The Development of Socialist Ideology in Ghana, 1949– 1959: Part I”. Ghana Social Science Journal 1, no. 1, Maio: 1– 20.
HOOKER, John R. (1967). Black Revolutionary. George Padmore’s Path from Communism to Pan-Africanism. Nova Iorque.
JAMES, Leslie. (2015). George Padmore and Decolonization from Below: Pan- Africanism, the Cold War, and the End of Empire. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
KOSELLECK, Reinhart. (2006). Futuro Passado: contribuição à semântica dos tempos históricos. Rio de Janeiro: Contraponto-Ed. PUC-Rio.
LEGUM, Collin (1964). “Socialism in Ghana: a political interpretation”. In: William Friedland e Carl Rosberg (org.) African Socialism. Califórnia, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
MAKALANI, Minkah (2011). Internationalizing the Third International: the african blood brotherhood, asian radicals, and race, 1919-1922. The Journal of African American History 96(2): 151-178, January.
MAKONNEN, T. Ras (1973). Pan-Africanism From Within. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
MARRABLE, Manning (1987). African and Caribbean Politics From Kwame Nkrumah to the Grenada Revolution. London: Verso.
MATERA, Marc. (2015). Black London: The Imperial Metropolis and Decolonization in the Twentieth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, forthcoming.
MATTOS, Pablo de Oliveira de (2018). The Silent Hero: George Padmore, Diáspora e Pan-Africanismo. Tese de Doutorado (Departamento de História) - PUC Rio, Rio de Janeiro.
MURAPA, Rukudzo (1974). Padmore Role in the African Liberation Movement. Tese de doutorado (departamento de História), Northern Illinois University.
NKRUMAH, Kwame (1963). Africa Must Unite. Londres: Heinemann.
NKRUMAH, Kwame (1957). Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah. Nova Iorque: Thomas Nelson and Sons.
NKRUMAH, Kwame (1960). Autobiographie. Paris: Présence Africaine.
NKRUMAH, Kwame (1973). Revolutionary Path. Londres: Panaf.
PADMORE, George (1953). Gold Coast Revolution. Londres, Dennis Dobson.
NKRUMAH, Kwame (1956). Pan-Africanism or Communism? Londres: Dennis Dobson. POLSGROVE, Carol (2009). Ending British Rule in Africa: Writers in a Common Cause. Manchester: University of Manchester Press.
POCOCK, John G. (2003). Linguagens do Ideário Político. São Paulo, Ed. USP. SHERWOOD, Marika (2009). “George Padmore and Kwame Nkrumah: A Tentative
Outline of Their Relationship”. In: LEWIS, Rupert (org.). George Padmore: Pan- African Revolutionary. Kingston: Ian Randle.
SHERWOOD, Marika (1996). Kwame Nkrumah: the Years Abroad. Legon: Freedom Publications. TIMOTHY, Bankole (1963). Kwame Nkrumah: His Rise to Power. Londres: George
Allen & Unwin.
WRIGHT, Richard (2008). Black Power. Londres: Harper Perenial
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
Os autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista Intellèctus o direito de publicação, sob uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional, a qual permite que outros distribuam, remixem, adaptem e criem a partir do seu trabalho, mesmo para fins comerciais, desde que lhe atribuam o devido crédito pela criação original.
Os dados e conceitos abordados são da exclusiva responsabilidade do autor.
A revista Intellèctus está licenciada com uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional