La crisis de la representación en España y los déficits de participación política: el limitado alcance de la institución referendaria / The crisis of representation in Spain and the deficits of political participation: the limited scope of the referendum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rqi.2015.15357Resumo
Trabalho enviado em 27 de agosto de 2014. Aceito em 11 de fevereiro de 2015.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rqi.2015.15357
Resumen
El actual debate político y social acerca de la mejora de la calidad democrática ha traído consigo un amplio cuestionamiento del rol de la denominada «ciudadanía activa» y la propuesta de nuevas formas de participación política más allá de los partidos políticos y la democracia electoral. Así, puede decirse que hoy en día lo que resulta determinante del concepto de democracia es la adecuada ponderación de formas de democracia representativa y mecanismos de democracia directa como el referéndum. Contra esta evidencia, en España persiste la actitud refractaria de las élites políticas y de parte del constitucionalismo, en base al recuerdo de la instrumentalización en clave plebiscitaria de esta modalidad de consulta durante el tardofranquismo, lo que ha contribuido a mantener una regulación constitucional y legal muy restrictiva. En los últimos años, el planteamiento de consultas de ámbito autonómico, vinculadas a decisiones sobre la «soberanía» del País Vasco o Cataluña, ha suscitado un intenso debate político y jurídico al respeto.
Abstract
The current political and social debate about improving the quality of democracy has brought about a widespread questioning of the role of the so-called 'active citizenship' and the proposal of new forms of political participation beyond political parties and electoral democracy. Thus, it can be said that today, the decisive point of the concept of democracy is the right weight forms of representative democracy and direct democracy mechanisms like the referendum. Against this evidence, in Spain persists refractory attitude of political elites and part of constitutionalism, based on the memory of the key manipulation in this mode plebiscitary consultation during tardofranquismo, which has helped to maintain a constitutional and legal regulation very restrictive. In recent years, the approach to regional level consultations, decisions related to the «sovereignty» of the Basque Country and Catalonia has sparked intense political debate and legal respect.
Keywords: Direct democracy, representative democracy, referendum, consultive referendum, popular consultation, right to decide.
THE CRISIS OF REPRESENTATION IN SPAIN AND THE DEFICITS OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: THE LIMITED SCOPE OF THE REFERENDUM
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