Estimate neighborhoods with basic sanitation deficiencies in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro in 2020

Abstract

The precarious access to basic sanitation affects the health, the environment, and the quality of life of the population excluded from this right. The 2010 Census data already showed inter and intra-municipal inequalities in sanitation in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ. However, considering the lack of recent data from the Demographic Census, this work aims to identify for the year 2020 the groups of neighborhoods that need priority access to water and sanitation services in RMRJ. To achieve this, the proposed methodology estimates the sanitation data for 2020 based on the sanitation data from the 2010 Census and the dasymetric mapping that employs as auxiliary data the land use and land cover map and then performs cluster analysis to identify the priority neighborhood groups. The highest priority neighborhoods totaled 13, in the municipalities of Magé, Belford Roxo, Duque de Caxias, Itaboraí, Nova Iguaçu and Rio Bonito. The results show the inequalities among the neighborhoods and also among the municipalities, besides making it possible to identify the different needs of each neighborhood, classifying them into seven distinct groups, so that it is possible to promote adequate public policies.