Benefits of exercise for patients with HIV/AIDS

Abstract

The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), characterized by a compromised immune system, is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The advent of the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has significantly increased the survival of HIV-infected patients, but the infection and collateral effects of prolonged HAART may provoke adverse consequences tothe patients’ health. The objective of this study was to review the literature with regard to the effects of physical exercise as a complementary therapeutic strategy to the adverse consequences of prolonged HAART and HIV infection.The following issues have been discussed: cardiovascular responses, lipodystrophy, dyslipidaemia, psychological markers, wasting syndrome and muscle function, immune system and osteopenia / osteoporosis. In conclusion, the available evidence indicates that the regular practice of supervised exercise can be considered as an effective alternative to prevent and reduce the adverse effects of HIV‑infection and prolonged HAART, increasing the overall fitness without compromising the immune function.