O Debate Acadêmico entre Universalismo e Relativismo Cultural: um olhar sobre Asian Values, Sharia Law e práticas indígenas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/publicum.2022.58512Keywords:
direitos humanos, relativismo cultural, universalismo, valores asiáticos, sharia law.Abstract
Os Direitos Humanos, quando passaram pelo processo de internacionalização, foram estipulados como universais, fixando um padrão de mínimo ético irredutível. Divergindo desta posição, tem-se a teoria do relativismo cultural, oposta ao universalismo, que analisa aspectos culturais de uma sociedade e alega serem estes essenciais para a concepção de Direitos Humanos. Objetivando abordar o embate acadêmico existente entre ambas as teorias, demonstra-se situações existentes dentro da sociedade que utilizam o argumento do relativismo cultural como por exemplo os asian values que traduzem valores intrínsecos de uma sociedade que prioriza o coletivismo ao individualismo; também tem-se presente o argumento cultural envolvendo praticas indígenas brasileiras e a de tribos africanas; bem como uma mescla entra o aspecto cultural e religioso existente na sharia law e no islamismo. Sendo diante de clara diversidade de culturas que a tese do multiculturalismo demonstra ser um possível fim ao debate entre universalismo e relativismo cultural.
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