Efeitos da adoção de alternativas à prisão provisória
uma revisão de literatura
Palavras-chave:
Prisão provisória, Audiência de custódia, Reincidência, Inclusão social, Bem-estar psicossocialResumo
Pessoas presas provisoriamente, sem condenação, representam 27,2% da população prisional do Brasil. Dado o contexto de superlotação e de violação de direitos nas prisões, objetivou-se identificar os potenciais efeitos da adoção de medidas alternativas à prisão provisória para os desfechos de reincidência criminal e bem-estar psicossocial entre adultos e idosos. Foi realizada uma revisão rápida que identificou 34 revisões sistemáticas sobre o tema, as quais reportaram 09 intervenções. A qualidade metodológica das revisões sistemáticas foi mista, avaliada pela ferramenta AMSTAR 2. Para o desfecho de reincidência, foram consideradas efetivas as intervenções de dissuasão focada, justiça restaurativa, supervisão da liberdade provisória, Centros de Notificação Diurna, terapia cognitivo-comportamental, mentoria para jovens, tribunais específicos para crimes relacionados a drogas, tribunais específicos para casos de saúde mental que realizam encaminhamento para tratamento, manejo de caso e oferta de programas sociais, aconselhamento breve (exceto quando ocorre no contexto da detenção), intervenções motivacionais para homens que cometeram violência contra mulheres, programas de liberdade provisória específicos para violência doméstica e tratamentos para pessoas que cometeram violência sexual. Poucos estudos reportaram desfechos de bem-estar psicossocial, o que indica uma lacuna na produção científica. Estudos primários e secundários mais rigorosos sobre o tema são necessários, bem como pesquisas realizadas no contexto brasileiro.
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