The role of Nagorno-Karabakh in the shaping of Armenian and Azeri identity | El rol de Nagorno-Karabagh en la formación de la identidad armenia y azerí
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rmi.2021.60446Palabras clave:
nationalism, identity, Nagorno-KarabakhResumen
The paper discusses the effect of the 19th century rebirth of Armenian nationalism in the Ottoman or Western Armenia and Russian or Eastern Armenia and of Azeri nationalism in Russian Azerbaijan with its ramifications in Iran and Ottoman Turkey on the formation of Armenian and Azeri identity from the late 1800s to the present and the key role of Nagorno-Karabakh - called Artsakh by the Armenians- from the beginning of the 20th century, using the theories of Anthony D. Smith.
At the time of the disintegration of the USSR, the reinforcement of Armenian and Azeri identity over Nagorno-Karabakh and the Armenian victory in the first war and the armed peace generated by the 1994 ceasefire made it inevitable that a second war would take place unless a political compromise – that never happened – was reached.
Keywords: nationalism, identity, Nagorno-Karabakh.
RESUMEN
El trabajo analiza el efecto del renacimiento del nacionalismo armenio en el siglo XIX en la Armenia otomana u occidental y la Armenia rusa u oriental y del nacionalismo azerí en el Azerbaiyán ruso con sus ramificaciones en Irán y la Turquía otomana en la formación de la identidad armenia y azerí desde finales del 1800 hasta el presente y el papel clave de Nagorno-Karabagh - llamado Artsaj por los armenios - desde principios del siglo XX, usando las teorías de Anthony D. Smith.
En el momento de la desintegración de la URSS, el refuerzo de la identidad armenia y azerí sobre Nagorno-Karabagh y la victoria armenia en la primera guerra y la paz armada generada por el alto el fuego de 1994 hicieron inevitable que ocurriera una segunda guerra a menos que se llegara a un compromiso político, lo que no sucedió.
Palabras-clave: nacionalismo, identidad, Nagorno-Karabagh.
Recebido em: 15 jun. 2021 | Aceito em: 18 out. 2021.
Citas
Altstadt, A. L. (1992). The Azerbaijani Turks, Power and Identity under Russian Rule. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University.
Chaliand, G. (1994). Preface. In L. Chorbajian, P. Donabedian, and C. Mutafian, The Caucasian Knot, The History and Geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh. London: Zed Books.
Chorbajian, L. (1994). Introduction to the English Language Edition. In L. CHORBAJIAN, P. DONABEDIAN, and C. MUTAFIAN, The Caucasian Knot, The History and Geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh. London: Zed Books, 1994.
Cordell, Karl y Stefan Wolff. (2010). Ethnic Conflict, Causes, Consequences and Responses. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Polity.
Crisis Group. (2021). Report No 264 Europe and Central Asia, Post-war Prospects for Nagorno-Karabakh: 9 June.
Croissant, M. P. (1998). The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict, Causes and Implications. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Dekmejian, R. Hrair. (2004). The Armenian Diaspora. In R. Hovannisian, Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, Vol. II, Foreign Dominion to Statehood, The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century. New York: St. Martin´s Press.
De Waal, Thomas. (2013). Black Garden, Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace and War. New York: New York University Press.
Donabedian, P. (1994). The History of Karabagh from Antiguity to the Twentieth Century. In L. Chorbajian, P. Donabedian and C. Mutafian, The Caucasian Knot, The History and Geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh. London: Zed Books.
Dudwick, N. (1989). Moments That Will Live Forever, The First Year of the Karabagh Movement. Work presented in the Conference over Karabagh/Artsakh. New York: Columbia University, 11 February.
Geukjian, O. (2012). Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in the South Caucasus, Nagorno-Karabakh and the Legacy of the Soviet Nationalities Policy. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate.
Hakobyan, T. (2010). Karabakh Diary, Green and Black, Neither War nor Peace. Antelias, Lebanon: Gadarigian.
Hovannisian, R. (2004). The Armenian Question in the Ottoman Empire 1876-1914. In R. Hovannisian, Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, Vol. II, Foreign Dominion to Statehood, The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century. New York: St. Martin´s Press.
Libaridian, G. (1999). The Challenge of Statehood, Armenian Political Thinking since Independence. Watertown, MA: Blue Crane Books.
Libaridian, G. (2007) Modern Armenia, People, Nation, State. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Mutafian, C. (1994). Karabagh in the Twentieth Century. In L. Chorbajian, P. Donabedian and C. Mutafian, The Caucasian Knot, The History and Geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh. London: Zed Books.
Panossian, R. (2006). The Armenians, From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars. London: C. Hurst.
Payaslian, S. (2007). The History of Armenia. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Russell, J. (2004). The Formation of the Armenian Nation. In R. Hovannisian, Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, Vol. I, The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century. New York: St. Martin´s Press.
Smith, A. D. (1991). National Identity. London: Penguin.
Smith, A. D. (1999). The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford, Oxfordshire: Blackwell.
Smith, A. D. (2009a). Ethno-Symbolism and Nationalism. A Cultural Approach. New York: Routledge.
Smith, A. D. (2009b). Miths and Memories of the Nation. Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press.
Smith, A. D. (2010). Nationalism. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Polity.
Swietochowski, T. (1995). Russia and Azerbaijan. A Borderland in Transition. New York: Columbia University Press.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Os Direitos Autorais dos artigos publicados na Revista Mural Internacional pertencem ao(s) seu(s) respectivo(s) autor(es), com os direitos de primeira publicação cedidos à Revista Mural Internacional, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição, a qual permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista. Em virtude de aparecerem na Mural Internacional, o material criado por você pode ser distribuído, copiado e exibido por terceiros. O trabalho original deve ser citado e apresentar um link para o artigo disponível no site da revista em que foi publicado, de acordo com os termos da Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional adotado por esta Revista.
Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.
