Women in development vs. Gender and Development in the United Nations Development agenda (1970-1999) | Mulheres no Desenvolvimento x Gênero e Desenvolvimento na agenda de desenvolvimento da ONU (1970-1999)

Patrícia Nogueira Rinaldi; Roberta Silva Machado

Authors

Patrícia Nogueira Rinaldi Faculdades de Campinas (FACAMP) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5075-0836
Roberta Silva Machado Faculdades de Campinas (FACAMP) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0800-3412

Keywords:

Women, Gender, Development

Abstract

The objective of this article is to reassess the contributions of the Women in Development (WID) and Gender and Development (GAD) approaches in the United Nations (UN) development agenda from 1970 to 1999. We address two questions: How did the UN incorporated the GAD perspective in the context of the Beijing Conference, and why the WID perspective remained dominant in the UN development agenda despite the incorporation of gender? We apply a qualitative methodology encompassing a literature review of feminist academics and a deductive approach based on theoretical elements of the agenda-setting framework and the “Three UN” perspective. We argue that the shift from women to gender in the Beijing Conference incorporated the GAD perspective by removing all critical views and adopting a depoliticized and non-confrontational perspective on gender. In this sense, the WID approach remained dominant because it did not contest diplomatic norms and previous consensus related to development.

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Author Biographies

Patrícia Nogueira Rinaldi, Faculdades de Campinas (FACAMP)

Patrícia Nogueira Rinaldi is an Associate Professor of International Relations at Faculdades de Campinas (FACAMP, Brazil) and Director of its Center of Studies and Research in International Relations (CERI-FACAMP). She holds a Ph.D. (2018) and a Master’s Degree (2010) in Political Science at the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). She is also the Academic Coordinator of FACAMP Model United Nations. Her research areas are International Cooperation for Development and International Organizations, with a view from the Global South. She is an expert in the knowledge network of the UN Harmony with Nature Programme, dedicated to strengthening the rights of Nature in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.

Roberta Silva Machado, Faculdades de Campinas (FACAMP)

Roberta Silva Machado has a Ph.D. in Political Science (UNICAMP) and a Ph.D. in Law (University of Seville). She has a Master’s degree in International Public Law and International Relations (University of Seville) and a Bachelor's degree in International Relations (PUC-GO). She is an Associate Professor of International Relations at Faculdades de Campinas (FACAMP) and Academic Coordinator of the FACAMP Model United Nations (FAMUN). She is also a researcher at the Center of Studies and Research in International Relations (CERI-FACAMP). She was a Visiting Scholar at the Faculty of Law at the University of Seville from September 2015 to February 2016. Her main areas of research are Human Rights Law, the United Nations human rights regime and institutions, and the International Criminal Court.

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Women in development vs. Gender and Development in the United Nations Development agenda (1970-1999) | Mulheres no Desenvolvimento x Gênero e Desenvolvimento na agenda de desenvolvimento da ONU (1970-1999)

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Author Biographies

Patrícia Nogueira Rinaldi, Faculdades de Campinas (FACAMP)

Roberta Silva Machado, Faculdades de Campinas (FACAMP)

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