Mulheres no Desenvolvimento x Gênero e Desenvolvimento na agenda de desenvolvimento da ONU (1970-1999) | Women in development vs. Gender and Development in the United Nations Development agenda (1970-1999)
Palavras-chave:
Mulheres, Gênero, DesenvolvimentoResumo
O objetivo deste artigo é reavaliar as contribuições das abordagens “Mulheres no Desenvolvimento” (MND) e “Gênero e Desenvolvimento” (GED) na agenda de desenvolvimento da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) no período 1970-1999. Propomos duas questões: como a perspectiva GED foi incorporada na ONU no contexto da Conferência de Pequim (1995) e por que a abordagem MND permaneceu dominante mesmo após a incorporação do gênero na agenda de desenvolvimento da organização? Aplicamos uma metodologia qualitativa a partir da revisão bibliográfica de autoras feministas e de uma análise dedutiva baseada nos aportes teóricos da abordagem de definição de agenda e da perspectiva das “Três ONUs”. Nós defendemos que a mudança de mulheres para gênero na Conferência de Pequim incorporou a abordagem GED por meio da remoção da visão crítica e adoção de uma perspectiva de gênero despolitizada e não confrontacional. Dessa forma, a abordagem MND continuou dominante porque não contestou as normas diplomáticas e os consensos prévios relativos ao desenvolvimento.
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