PATH DEPENDENCE IN COSTA RICA'S ELECTRIC MATRIX

Abstract

Common research interests between geography and energy studies represent an opportunity for carrying out an in-depth examination for understanding the relationship between different trajectories of energy transition and the geographical conditions from which they emerge. By Considering Costa Rica as an empirical case study and applying theories shared between the fields of economic geography and neo-institutional theories, this research analyzes the development of Costa Rica’s energy matrix by identifying three forms of path dependence mechanisms: technological lock-in; positive externalities; and institutional hysteresis. With an electricity sector almost 100% renewable and national commitments of achieving carbon neutrality, this article sheds light towards understanding a pathway that is difficult to reverse despite the issues surrounding the exploitation of conventional sources. It offers a practical example of applying economic geography theory from an evolutionary perspective in order to achieve an interpretation of Costa Rica’s energy progression and serve as a basis for decision-making processes required to guarantee future sustainability of the energy sector in a scenario in which climate change is a serious issue compromising the current hydroelectricity pathway.