AS ENCHENTES URBANAS E O CRESCIMENTO DA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO: ESTUDOS EM DIREÇÃO A UMA CARTOGRAFIA DAS ENCHENTES URBANAS / THE FLOODS AND URBAN GROWTH OF RIO DE JANEIRO CITY: STUDIES TOWARD AN CARTOGRAPHY OF URBAN FLOODS

Abstract

Since its founding, the growth of the city of Rio de Janeiro was given the numerous and intense human interventions in the natural environment. In this process, we identified several landfill lagoons and coastal portions, changes in the drainage network and deforestation of hillsides and their occupation. Considering these interventions, associated with relief - plains in direct contact with massive coastal - and the climate in which the city is inserted - with intense and / or high altitude rain - the Rio de Janeiro has the occurrence of urban flooding with great frequency especially in the summer months. The study area are the districts of Grande Tijuca, in the north of the city, which suffers constantly floods and the social, economic and environmental arising therefrom. In this area, mapping proposals were developed urban floods at different times of the last two decades, using different methods and techniques, but, analyzed from a theoretical-methodological look, contributing to the advancement of understanding and spatial distribution of the phenomenon, and especially, walk toward a cartography of urban floods.