Comparative analysis of methemoglobin, oxygen saturation and hematological parameters in smokers and non-smokers: an observational analytical cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/bjhbs.2021.63967Keywords:
Hematology, Tobacco Use Disorder, Blood Physiological Phenomena.Abstract
Introduction: The formation of methemoglobin (MetHb)
occurs through the oxidation of iron in hemoglobin, impairing
its capacity for oxygen association and deoxygenation.
On exposure to oxidizing agents, such as those present in
cigarettes, this process may be more frequent, causing an
increase in serum MetHb. Objectives: To evaluate and compare
methemoglobin, oxygen saturation and hematological
parameters between smokers and non-smokers. Materials and
methods: Observational case-control study with participants
classified as smokers and non-smokers, in equal number and
gender. Smokers classified as moderate to very high dependence
degree by the Fagerström tolerance questionnaire
were included. In all subjects, oxygen saturation was assessed
using portable pulse oximetry, methemoglobin levels by
spectrophotometric method and hematological parameters
by an automated analyzer. Parametric (Student’s T-test) and
non-parametric (Mann-Whitney U) tests were performed for
comparison of mean values between groups. Results: There
were no changes in methemoglobin rates and hematological
parameters, both in relation to clinical reference values
and in the statistical difference between groups. The oxygen
saturation values were significantly higher in the smoking
group, 96.4% versus 94.8% (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Despite
the potential deleterious effects of cigarettes, in this study it
was found that smoking was not a determinant of changes in
methemoglobin rates and hematological parameters, when
compared with non-smokers. Further studies are suggested
with a robust sampling population, complementary analysis
of hematological and physiological factors and verification
of comorbidities, in order to elucidate a greater relationship
between the presented parameters.
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