The relationship between malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders: a brief digression in the last 80 years

Abstract

Over the past 80 years, a variety of studies focused on the relationship between malocclusion and temporomandibular disorders. Previously, malocclusions were considered as a major, or even unique, risk factor. Later, it became clear that the etiology of these conditions was multifactorial. The concept of multifactorial etiology begins the end of the 1970s and 1980s and became widely accepted. According to the multifactorial concept, three main etiological factors are involved: the anatomical (including malocclusion and the temporomandibular joint itself), the neuromuscular and psychological. The greater the number of factors involved, the greater the chance of triggering pain and dysfunction. The aim of this study was to review the etiology of temporomandibular disorders focusing mainly on the role of malocclusions. There is a need to establish specific criteria in order to assist the professional to decide when occlusal therapy is critical to control the symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. Whereas the causes of various subgroups of temporomandibular disorders are not completely elucidated, reversible procedures must usually represent the first option of choice in controlling these conditions. After a review ofthe etiology of temporomandibular disorders and the relationship between these disorders and malocclusion, it may be concluded that: (1) is important to emphasize that the importance of the role of occlusal changes should not be exaggerated taking into account other conditions;(2) malocclusion may be a contributor factor to trigger temporomandibular disorders and (3) the establishment of a stable and functionally satisfactory occlusion seems to be important at the end of rehabilitation and orthodontic treatments.