Ethiopia's membership in BRICS+: capabilities, interests and prospects of a rising sub-Saharan player | La incorporación de Etiopía a los BRICS+: capacidades e intereses de un actor subsahariano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rmi.2024.83009Keywords:
Ethiopia, BRICS, Regional PowerAbstract
This article addresses the political and economic situation of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the main elements of its foreign policy in the context of its incorporation to the BRICS+. Based on a case study methodology, it presents the main reasons why this sub-Saharan country, which is considered a regional power in the Horn of Africa, has the capacity to pursue greater global projection. In this framework, the main political events during Abiy Ahmed's administration, the country's economic evolution over the last decades, its active regional diplomacy and its relation with the People's Republic of China are particularly explored.
References
Abiy Ahmed A. (2019). Nobel Lecture “Forging A Durable Peace in the Horn of Africa”. 10 December [Online]. Disponible en: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2019/abiy/lecture/ [Acceso: 10 de febrero 2024]
Abraham, B. (2023). “Regional Electricity Market under the AfCFTA: Prospects and Challenges for Ethiopia”. The Trade Law Centre (TRALAC) [Online]. Disponible en: https://www.tralac.org/blog/article/16245-regional-electricity-market-under-the-afcfta-prospects-and-challenges-for-ethiopia.html [Acceso: 17 de febrero 2024]
Addis, A.K. et al. (2021), "Chinese and Indian investment in Ethiopia: infrastructure for ‘debt-trap diplomacy’ exchange and the land grabbing approach". International Journal of Emerging Markets, 16(6), pp. 998-1025.
African Development Bank Group -AfDB- (2024). Ethiopia Economic Outlook [Online]. Disponible en: https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/east-africa/ethiopia/ethiopia-economic-outlook [Acceso: 10 de febrero 2024]
Akum, F.; Tull, D. (2023). “Strategic Competition and Cooperation in Africa Perceptions, Implications, and Ways Forward”. Institute for Security Studies, Policy Brief, n. 13 [Online]. Disponible en: https://www.swp-berlin.org/assets/afrika/publications/policybrief/MTAPB13_Akum_Tull_2023_Strategic_Competition.pdf [Acceso: 7 de febrero 2024]
Cilliers, J., Schünemann, J.; Moyer, J. (2015). “Power and influence in Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Nigeria and South Africa”. Institute for Security Studies, African Future, Paper 14, March.
Cheru, F. (2016). “Emerging Southern powers and new forms of South–South cooperation: Ethiopia’s strategic engagement with China and India”. Third World QuarTerly, 37(4), pp. 592–610.
Chipaike, R.; Knowledge, M. (2018). “The question of African Agency in international relations”. Cogent Social Sciences, 41(1), pp. 148-257.
Coffie, A.; Tiky, L. (2021). ‘Exploring Africa's Agency in International Politics’. Africa Spectrum, 56(3), pp. 243-253.
De Carvalho, G., Gruzd, S.; Mutangadura, C. (2019). “At the Table or on the Menu? Africa’s Agency and the Global Order”. Institute for Security Studies and South African Institute of International Affairs [Online]. Disponible en: https://issafrica.org/research/africa-report/at-the-table-or-on-the-menu-africas-agency-and-the-global-order[Acceso: 05 de febrero 2024]
Dittgen, R.; Demissie, A. (2017). “Own ways of doing: national pride, power and china’s political calculus in Ethiopia”. Southern African Institute of International Affairs, Occasional Paper 249 [Online]. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313368903_Own_ways_of_doing_National_pride_power_and_China's_political_calculus_in_Ethiopia [Acceso: 05 de febrero 2024]
Durán, M. (2012). ‘El estudio de caso en la investigación cualitativa’. Revista de Administración Nacional, 3(1), pp 121-134.
Dussort, M. N. (2020). “Antecedentes de la política africana de India y China en perspectiva comparada”. En LECHINI, G. & MORASSO, C. (Comp.) Auge y ocaso de los emergentes en el siglo XXI: ¿Cambios sistémicos, domésticos o cosméticos?, pp. 87-109, Rosario: UNR Editora [Online]. Disponible en: https://rephip.unr.edu.ar/items/cb33ef22-c430-4b64-a43d-72521f209640[Acceso: 19 de marzo 2024]
Soulé, F. (2023). “‘Africa+1’ Summit Diplomacy and the ‘New Scramble’ Narrative: Recentering African Agency”. African Affairs, 119(477), pp. 633–46.
González, E. (2022). “La Etiopía de Abiy Ahmed y la transición pendiente”. IDEES, 56[Online]. Disponible en: https://revistaidees.cat/es/la-etiopia-de-abiy-ahmed-y-la-transicion-pendiente/ [Acceso: 13 de febrero 2024]
Klobucista, C. (2020). “Ethiopia: East Africa’s Emerging Giant”. Council of Foreign Relations. November [Online]. Disponible en: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/ethiopia-east-africas-emerging-giant [Acceso: 13 de febrero 2024]
Le Gouriellec, S. (2018). “Regional power and contested hierarchy: Ethiopia, an ‘imperfect hegemon´ in the Horn of Africa”. International Affairs, 9(5), pp. 1059–1075.
Ministry of Finance Ethiopia (2020). A Homegrown Economic Reform Agenda. Disponible en: https://www.mofed.gov.et/media/filer_public/38/78/3878265a-1565-4be4-8ac9-dee9ea1f4f1a/a_homegrown_economic_reform_agenda-_a_pathway_to_prosperity_-_public_version_-_march_2020-.pdf [Acceso: 08 de agosto 2024]
Molfino, S. (2021). “Claves para entender el conflicto de Tigray”. Cuadernos de Política Exterior Argentina (Nueva Época), 134, pp. 93-101.
Mulugueta, K. (2014). “The Role of Regional Powers in the Field of Peace and Security: The Case of Ethiopia”. Horne of Africa Security Dialogue, Friedich Ebert Stiftung [Online]. Disponible en: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/aethiopien/10879.pdf [Acceso: 07 de febrero 2024]
Sanchez, L. (2013). El tratamiento de los estudios de caso como herramienta de investigación. Su aporte en el subcampo de las Relaciones Internacionales. Revista Latinoamericana de Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales, 3(2), pp. 1-20
Torres Amurgo, L. (2019). “Guerras hídricas: cooperación y conflicto en la cuenca del Nilo”. Instituto Español de Estudios Estratégicos, Documento de Opinión IEEE, 37/2019 [Online]. Disponible en: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7264334 [Acceso: 01 de marzo 2024]
Van Wyk, J. (2009). “Cadres, Capitalists, Elites and Coalitions. The ANC, business and development in South Africa”. Nordiska Afrika Institute, Discussion Paper, n. 46. [Online]. Disponible en: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/110497/46.pdf [Acceso: 01 de marzo 2024]
Van Wyk, J. (2015). “Africa in international relations. Agent, bystander or victim?”. In BISCHOFF, H., ANING, K. & ACHARYA, A. (ed.) Africa in Global International Relations. Emerging approaches to theory and practice. Oxon, New York: Routdlege.
Virasoro, P. (2023). La Unión Africana en la política exterior argentina. Buenos Aires: EUDEBA.
Zagare, F.; Kilgour, D. M. (2003). “Alignment Patterns, Crisis Bargaining, and Extended Deterrence: A Game-Theoretic Analysis”. International Studies Quarterly, 47, pp. 587–615.
United Nation Development Program me -UNDP- (2023). “From Debt to Development: What are Ethiopia’s Choices?”. Working Paper Series, n. 3 [Online]. Disponible en: https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/2023-04/UNDP%20-%20Shock%20Document%20-%20Working%20Paper%20Series%203%20-%20Final%20April%20132023.pdf [Acceso: 01 de marzo 2024]
Portales de Datos:
Banco Mundial -BM- (2024). Portal de datos de libre acceso [Online]. Disponible en: https://datos.bancomundial.org/[Acceso: 25 de febrero 2024]
CIA World Factbook (2024). Ethiopia Country Summary [Online]. Disponible en: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ethiopia/summaries/#introduction [Acceso: 25 de febrero 2024]
Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2024). Ibrahim Index of African Governance [Online]. Disponible en: https://iiag.online/?meas=GOVERNANCE&loc=ET&view=overview[Acceso: 15 de marzo 2024]
Multimedia:
Abiy Ahmed A. (2023). ‘Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's remarks during the BRICS Plus Summit in South Africa’. Office of the Prime. 28 August [Online]. Disponible en: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_r3ThTWEDgM [Acceso: 20 de marzo 2024]
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Carla Morasso

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Copyrights of articles published in Revista Mural Internacional belong to their respective author (s), with the first publication rights assigned to Mural International, with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows sharing the work with an acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal. Due to the fact that they appear in Mural Internacional, the articles are free to use, with mandatory attribution of authorship, for use in educational and non-commercial applications, according to the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License adopted by this journal.
This work is licensed under a license Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.