Nacionalismos, Independências e State-Building no Cáucaso do Sul | Nationalisms, independence and state-building in the South Caucasus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rmi.2019.45131Keywords:
Cáucaso do Sul, nacionalismos, desintegração soviética.Abstract
RESUMO
Posicionado entre a Europa e a Ásia, linha de contato entre as civilizações islâmica e cristã e lar de diversas etnias, o Cáucaso foi disputado por persas, turcos e russos durante séculos. Após um breve período de independência, ao final da década de 1910, Armênia, Geórgia e Azerbaijão permaneceram sob o rígido controle de Moscou por quase a totalidade do século XX. No entanto, antes mesmo da extinção oficial da União Soviética, em 1991, conflitos étnicos e movimentos independentistas passaram a aflorar na região. Neste artigo, procura-se analisar de forma comparada os ressurgimentos dos nacionalismos armênio, azerbaijano e georgiano durante os anos finais do regime soviético, assim como os processos de independência e posterior construção de seus respectivos Estados nacionais. Espera-se demonstrar que os conflitos étnico-políticos que afloraram no Cáucaso durante o processo de desintegração soviética serviram como catalizadores para o reavivamento dos nacionalismos na região.
Palavras-Chave: Cáucaso do Sul; nacionalismos; desintegração soviética.
ABSTRACT
Placed between Europe and Asia, line of contact between Islamic and Christian civilizations and home to various ethnicities, the Caucasus has been disputed by Persians, Turks and Russians for centuries. After a brief period of independence in the late 1910s, Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan remained under the tight control of Moscow for almost the entire twentieth century. However, even before the official demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, ethnic conflicts and independence movements began to surface in the region. This paper seeks to analyze in a comparative way the resurgence of Armenian, Georgian and Azerbaijani nationalisms during the final years of the Soviet regime, as well as the processes of independence and subsequent construction of their respective national states. It is expected to demonstrate that the ethnic-political conflicts that erupted in the Caucasus during the soviet disintegration served as catalysts for the revival of nationalisms in the region.
Keywords: South Caucasus; nationalisms; soviet disintegration.
Recebido em: 09 Set.2019 | Aceito em: 16 Dez.2019
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