Da soberania às tecnologias da dependência:

Repensando as relações de poder que fomentam a violência no Brasil

Resumo

Discussions in geography and related disciplines examine how contemporary political and power structures encourage and cause violence in various contexts. Frequently, these discussions draw on analyses of sovereignty by Foucault and Agamben, as well as governmentality, to show how violence is legitimized by state and non-state actors. Focusing on the Brazilian context, this article argues that this line of research, while opening the way for productive analyses, has largely obscured a set of powerful technologies structured around dependencies. These dependency issues are especially pronounced in works that propose an "integrated" (embedded) approach to violence in urban contexts in Latin America. Notably, while works inspired by Foucault and Agamben focus primarily on how violence is justified and legitimized, studies that emphasize its integration into social networks highlight how violence is concealed and removed from systems of accountability. However, in order to describe the dependencies that enable this concealment, studies on integrated violence often rely on the concept of "political patronage."By questioning the epistemological assumptions associated with this concept, this article suggests a re-signification of dependency relations as established through situated technologies that operate, for example, through acts of benevolence, racialized and gendered discourses, or practices of concealment. It is argued that this opens the way for other combinations of power different from sovereignty, discipline, and biopolitics, which generally constitute the focus in works subsequent to Agamben and Foucault.