L’écologisation des politiques publiques : le discours et la pratique du Schéma Directeur de la ville de Araruama, Brésil / Public policies ecologization: the Master Plan discourse and the practical in Araruama, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rdc.2022.56985Resumo
Resume
Cet article propose d’ouvrir un débat à propos de l’écologisation des politiques publiques à travers l’analyse des stratégies locales. L’écologisation sera donc traitée dans cet article comme un ancrage institutionnel et, notamment, des institutions publiques qui délibèrent sur les textes législatifs, afin de les rendre compatibles avec les orientations écologiques globales, sans pour autant avoir révisé les lois nécessaires pour faire appliquer la loi au niveau local. L’objectif sera de comprendre cette logique d’écologisation des textes de loi au niveau local à travers une lecture des extraits d’une loi communale brésilienne sur l’aménagement du territoire – le Schéma Directeur – relatif au développement urbain et les zones vertes. Les résultats montrent qu’il y a une inflexion de l’action politique vers des pratiques contraires au texte de loi publié. Ainsi, le Schéma Directeur se révèle être une politique urbaine à évaluer en tenant compte de sa faiblesse institutionnelle, notamment l’application des orientations proposées par les autorités locales.
Mots-Cles : Urbanisation, Schema Directeur, Developpement Durable, Bresil, Politiques Publiques.
Abstract
This article proposes to open a debate about the “greening” of public policies through the analysis of local strategies. Greening will thus be treated in this article as an institutional support and, in particular, of public institutions which deliberate on legislative texts, in order to make them compatible with global ecological guidelines, without, however, having revised the laws necessary to apply the law at the local level. The objective will be to understand this logic of greening of legal texts at the local level through a reading of some general guidelines on urban development and green areas, from the Master Plan, an important local Brazilian law on land planning. The results show that, in some cases, the reality verified in the field reveals a shift in political action towards practices contrary to the published law. Thus, the Master Plan turns out to be an urban policy to be evaluated taking into account its institutional weakness, in particular the application of the orientations proposed by local authorities.
Keywords: Urbanization, Master Plan, Sustainable Development, Brazil, Public Policies.
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