Representación sindical en Argentina. Un caso fuera de modelo / Union representation in Argentina: an odd case
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rqi.2015.15365Resumo
Trabalho enviado em 17 de novembro de 2014. Aceito em 11 de fevereiro de 2015.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rqi.2015.15365
Resumen
Las transformaciones económicas, políticas y culturales generadas por el neoliberalismo, en la última década del Siglo XX, en Argentina, produjeron un fuerte debilitamiento de las estructuras sindicales. Acosadas por el desempleo, la precarización laboral, las nuevas culturas del trabajo y el descrédito de gran parte de su dirigencia, muchas de esas organizaciones terminaron siendo funcionales al mismo modelo. Tras el abandono de las políticas neoliberales y el impulso otorgado por el gobierno de Néstor Kirchner, los sindicatos recuperaron gran parte de su fortaleza. Sin embargo, los cuestionamientos al modelo sindical emergieron con más peso que en otros momentos históricos. Los nuevos trabajadores, algunos de ellos contratados en los noventa, conformaron organizaciones que disputan la representación con los sindicatos tradicionales. Al mismo tiempo, sucesivos fallos de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación pusieron en jaque varios artículos de la Ley de Asociaciones Sindicales; los reclamos de OIT hablaron de la ausencia de libertad sindical, cuando dicha norma restringe la institucionalidad de nuevos sindicatos. En este artículo analizamos este momento sindical en Argentina, presentando los casos más relevantes que ponen en cuestión al régimen sindical, recurrimos a la comparación internacional y a la opinión de diversos especialistas en la temática.
Palabras clave: sindicatos, representación, representatividad, nuevos trabajadores, nuevas organizaciones.
Abstract
Economic, political and cultural transformations generated by neoliberalism in the last decade of the twentieth century, in Argentina, produced a marked weakening of union structures. Beset by unemployment, job insecurity, and new work cultures and discrediting much of its leadership, many of these organizations ended up being functional for the same model. After the abandonment of neoliberal policies and the impetus given by the government of Néstor Kirchner, the unions recovered much of its force. However, the challenges for the trade union model have emerged with more weight than in other historical moments. New workers, some of them engaged in the nineties, formed organizations vying for traditional union representation. At the same time, successive failures of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation threatened several articles of the trade unions law; claims of ILO talk about the lack of freedom of association, once that such rules restrict the institutionalization of new unions. This article analyzes this Argentine context, with the most relevant cases that challenge the union system and use comparison and evaluation of several experts in the international area.
Keywords: unions, representation, representative, new employees, new organizations.
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