Think tanks estadunidenses e a China: a crítica homogênea na administração Trump (2017-2020) | U.S. think tanks and China: the homogeneous critics in the Trump administration (2017-2020)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12957/rmi.2021.58701Palavras-chave:
Estados Unidos, China, Think TanksResumo
O artigo analisa a produção de think tanks (TTs) dos Estados Unidos (EUA), a dizer, o Council on Foreign Relations, The Asia Society e The Heritage Foundation, sobre a China e identifica interfaces com a política dos EUA para tal Estado sob o governo de Donald Trump (2017-2020). A pesquisa é feita a partir da análise de conteúdo de relatórios, com base em indicadores selecionados, e aponta para a homogeneidade de suas críticas e recomendações. Conclui-se que predomina o alinhamento entre os TTs e a administração Trump, em um contexto de consenso bipartidário sobre a adoção de medidas mais duras em relação à China.
Palavras-chave: Estados Unidos; China; Think Tanks.
ABSTRACT
The article analyses U.S.-based think tanks’ (TTs) production (Council on Foreign Relations, The Asia Society and The Heritage Foundation) about China and identifies similarities in it with U.S. China policy in Donald Trump’s administration (2017-2020). The research was conducted through content analysis of the TTs’ reports and articles, with guiding indexes, and highlights their homogeneous critics and recommendations. The article also points to the alignment between the selected TTs and the Trump administration in a broader scenario of bipartisan support regarding the adoption of tougher measures in U.S. China policy.
Keywords: United States; China; Think Tanks.
Recebido em: 27 mar. 2021 | Aceito em: 07 jul. 2021.
Referências
Abelson, D. (2006). A Capitol Idea: Think Tanks and US Foreign Policy. Toronto: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Abelson, D. (2018). Do Think Tanks Matter? Assessing the Impact of Public Policy Institutes. McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Amorim, C.; Silva, A. (2020). ‘Os think tanks brasileiros e a agenda de política externa de Lula da Silva e Rousseff para a África’, Carta Internacional, 15 (1), pp. 208-233, [online]. Disponível em: https://www.cartainternacional.abri.org.br/Carta/article/view/964. [Acesso em: 25 mar. 2021].
Bakst, D.; Beaumont-Smith, G. (2018). ‘Agricultural Trade with China: What’s at Stake for American Farmers, Ranchers, and Families’, The Heritage Foundation. Disponível em: https://www.heritage.org/agriculture/report/agricultural-trade-china-whats-stake-american-farmers-ranchers-and-families. [Acesso em: 20 out. 2020].
Bartsch, B.; Medeiros, E.; Schell, O.; Shambaugh, D.; Stanzel, V. (2020). Dealing with the Dragon: China as a Transatlantic Challenge. Asia Society Center on U.S.-China Relations: Joint Report.
Bertelli, A.; Wenger, J. (2009). ‘Demanding Information: Think Tanks and the US Congress’, British Journal of Political Science, 39 (2), pp. 225-242.
Blackwill, R. (2019). Trump’s Foreign Policy Are Better Than They Seem. Council on Foreign Relations: Council Special Report No. 84.
Blackwill, R. (2020). Implementing Grand Strategy Toward China: Twenty-Two U.S. Policy Prescriptions. Council on Foreign Relations: Council Special Report No. 85.
Carafano, J.; Gardiner, N.; Lohman, W.; Bromund, T. (2019). How and Why American Conservatives Must Fight for the Future of The Transatlantic Community. The Heritage Foundation: Special Report No. 217.
Carlnaes, W. (2016). ‘Actors, structures, and foreign policy analysis’. In: Smith, S.; Hadfield, A.; Dunne, T. (eds.). Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases. Oxford University Press, pp. 113-129.
Cheng, D. (2017). ‘The U.S. Needs to Respond to Growing Chinese Capabilities’, The Heritage Foundation. Disponível em: https://www.heritage.org/asia/report/the-us-needs-respond-growing-chinese-capabilities. [Acesso em: 20 out. 2020].
Cheng, D.; Lohman, W.; Carafano, J.; Walters, R. (2020). Assessing Beijing’s Power: A Blueprint for the U.S. Response to China over the Next Decades. The Heritage Foundation: Special Report No. 221.
Council on Foreign Relations. (2017a). ‘Chinese Investment in Critical U.S. Technology: Risks to U.S. Security’. Disponível em: https://www.cfr.org/report/chinese-investment-critical-us-technology-risks-us-security-interests. [Acesso em: 11 out. 2020].
Council on Foreign Relations. (2017b). ‘Writing New Rules for the U.S.-China Investment Relationship’. Disponível em: https://www.cfr.org/report/writing-new-rules-us-china-investment-relationship. [Acesso em: 20 out. 2020].
Council on Foreign Relations. (2018a). ‘Managing Global Disorder: Prospects for U.S.-China Cooperation’. Disponível em: https://www.cfr.org/report/managing-global-disorder-prospects-us-china-cooperation. [Acesso em: 20 out. 2020].
Council on Foreign Relations. (2018b). ‘The U.S.-Southeast Asia Relationship: Responding to China’s Rise’. Disponível em: https://www.cfr.org/report/us-southeast-asia-relationship-responding-chinas-rise.[ Acesso em: 20 out. 2020].
Council on Foreign Relations. (2020). ‘About CFR’. Disponível em: https://www.cfr.org/about. [Acesso em: 20 out. 2020].
Diamond, L.; Schell, O. (2018). Chinese Influence and American Interests: Promoting Constructive Vigilance. Report of the Working Group on Chinese Influence Activities in the United States, Hoover Institution Press.
Hill, C. (2016). Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century. Red Globe Press: Second Edition.
Hudson, V. (2016). ‘The history and evolution of foreign policy analysis’. In: Smith, S. Hadfield, A.; Dunne, T. (eds.). Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases. Oxford University Press, pp. 13-34.
McGann, J. (2020). 2019 Global Go To Think Tanks. The Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program.
Medvetz, T. (2014). Think Tanks in America. University of Chicago Press.
Norris, W. (2017). Geostrategic Implications of China’s Twin Economic Challenges Interests. Council on Foreign Relations: Discussion Paper.
Parmar, I. (2004). Think Tanks and Power in Foreign Policy: A Comparative Study of the Role and Influence of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1939-1945. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pontes, R. (2020). A China na grande estratégia dos Estados Unidos da América: da contenção à histórica política de engajamento. Dissertação de mestrado. 158 f. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
Schell, O. Shirk, S. (2019). Course Correction: Toward an Effective and Sustainable China Policy. Asia Society Center on U.S.-China Relations: Task Force Report.
Schell, O.; Shirk, S. (2017). U.S. Policy Toward China: Recommendations for a New Administration. Asia Society Center on U.S.-China Relations: Task Force Report.
Smith, T.; Walters, R. (2018). ‘The White House Needs Better Guidance on Its New China Trade Policy’, The Heritage Foundation. Disponível em: https://www.heritage.org/trade/report/the-white-house-needs-better-guidance-its-new-china-trade-policy. [Acesso em: 20 out. 2020].
Sutter, R. (2019). Trump´s China Policy: Bi-partisan Hardening, Uncertain Resolve. H-Diplo, ISFF Policy Series: America and the World: 2017 and Beyond, pp. 1-13.
Tao, W. (2018). “Preface”. In: Tao, W. (ed.). The US China Policy Making Process for Post-Cold War China: The Role of US Think Tanks and Diplomacy. Singapore: Springer Nature; China Social Sciences Press, pp. v-xii.
Teixeira, T. (2007). Os Think Tanks e sua influência na política externa dos EUA. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Reavan.
The Heritage Foundation. (2019). ‘Annual Report 2019: Letter from the Chairman and President’. Disponível em: https://www.heritage.org/annual-report-2019/letter-from-the-chairman-and-president/#presidents-letter. [Acesso em: 20 out. 2020].
The Heritage Foundation. (2019). Annual Report 2019: Letter from the Chairman and President. Disponível em: <https://www.heritage.org/annual-report-2019/letter-from-the-chairman-and-president/#presidents-letter>. [Acesso em: 20 out. 2020].
The Heritage Foundation. (2020). ‘About Heritage’. Disponível em: <https://www.heritage.org/about-heritage/mission>. [Acesso em: 20. out. 2020].
The Heritage Foundation. (2020). ‘About Heritage’. Disponível em: https://www.heritage.org/about-heritage/mission. [Acesso em: 20 out. 2020].
United States of America. (2017). National Security Strategy of the United States of America. Washington: The White House.
Vidal, C.; Lopez, J.; Brum, L. (2020). ‘The Power of Ideas: The Fórum da Liberdade, 1988-2018’, Contexto Internacional, 42 (1), pp. 55-79, [online]. Disponível em: https://www.scielo.br/j/cint/a/M53bML6CVgc73SLTTNFyPMh/?format=pdf&lang=en. [Acesso em: 18 jun. 2021].
Walters, R. (2017). ‘The U.S.–China Economic Relationship: Time for a Change in Tone’, The Heritage Foundation. Disponível em: https://www.heritage.org/asia/report/the-us-china-economic-relationship-time-change-tone. [Acesso em: 20 out. 2020].
Wei, H. (2018). ‘Brief Introduction of US Think Tanks’. In: Tao, W (ed.). The US China Policy Making Process for Post-Cold War China: The Role of US Think Tanks and Diplomacy. Singapore: Springer Nature; China Social Sciences Press, pp. 1-58.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Os Direitos Autorais dos artigos publicados na Revista Mural Internacional pertencem ao(s) seu(s) respectivo(s) autor(es), com os direitos de primeira publicação cedidos à Revista Mural Internacional, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição, a qual permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista. Em virtude de aparecerem na Mural Internacional, o material criado por você pode ser distribuído, copiado e exibido por terceiros. O trabalho original deve ser citado e apresentar um link para o artigo disponível no site da revista em que foi publicado, de acordo com os termos da Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional adotado por esta Revista.
Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.
